Practical Tips for Supporting a Person with Dementia
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Supporting People with Dementia
Caring for someone with dementia can be challenging, but small adjustments in your approach can make a big difference. The following suggestions may not suit every situation, but they can provide helpful ideas for improving the quality of care.
1. Managing Repetitive Questions
When a person with dementia repeats the same question, stay calm, offer a short and simple response, and avoid mentioning that they’ve already asked. Routine and consistency can be very reassuring. For example:
- Keep similar items together in cupboards
- Stick to familiar daily patterns, such as taking medication with breakfast
2. Offering Suggestions Instead of Choices
Decision-making can be overwhelming. Instead of asking what they would like, try offering a suggestion. For example:
- “Let’s have ham sandwiches for tea,” instead of asking “What would you like?”
- “I’ve made coffee, would you like a cup?” rather than “Do you want something to drink?”
3. Avoiding Arguments and Correcting Them
Do not argue or correct the person if they say something inaccurate. Remember, their version of reality feels true to them. Instead, reassure them gently, especially if they seem anxious or frightened. Keep your voice soft and calm, avoiding loud noises and sudden movements.
4. Using Humour and Positivity
Humour and positivity can go a long way. Try to bring lightness into the day when possible. Engaging in activities together, such as:
- Listening to music
- Looking through photographs
- Creating a memory book with pictures and dates
A diary of daily activities can also help with orientation and reflection.
5. Reassuring the Person
People with dementia may feel vulnerable and follow you around. Reassure them gently by saying things like:
“I’m just going to smarten up—I’ll be right back.” Remember, they might forget the concern in a few minutes.
6. Patience with Recognition
Be patient if they don’t recognise you—they may think you are a sibling or parent. This is not uncommon. Always remember, their confusion comes from illness, not intention.
7. Home Safety Precautions
Take safety precautions around the home. Pay extra attention to:
- Fires
- Cookers
- Slippery mats
- Door locks
- Money
- Driving
Stay alert and double-check potentially risky situations.
8. Supporting Dressing and Personal Care
Support with dressing by laying out clothes in the order they should be put on. Offer one item at a time. Choose:
- Loose, comfortable clothing
- Velcro fastenings (better than buttons or zips)
- Well-fitting, non-slip shoes to prevent falls
If a favourite outfit is worn often, consider buying duplicates or similar styles.
9. Using Supportive Equipment
To make everyday tasks easier and safer, consider using supportive equipment such as:
- Easy-grip cutlery
- Grab rails
- Shower chairs
10. Non-Verbal Communication
Watch for non-verbal communication; facial expressions and body language often say more than words. And most importantly, always speak to the person directly and never talk about them as if they aren’t present.